Управление списками доступа POSIX ACL (Access Control Lists).

Access Control Lists in Linux

Использование в Samba

Графический интерфейс: Eiciel

apt-get install acl

Для того, чтобы проверить поддерживаются ли списки доступа (ACL) нужно выполнить команду:

tune2fs -l /dev/sdaX |grep acl

/dev/sdaX имя устройства.

Если ACL поддерживаются то в выводе команды будет примерно это:

Default mount options:    user_xattr acl

Установка прав доступа

Usage: setfacl [-bkndRLP] { -m|-M|-x|-X ... } file ...
  -m, --modify=acl        modify the current ACL(s) of file(s)
  -M, --modify-file=file  read ACL entries to modify from file
  -x, --remove=acl        remove entries from the ACL(s) of file(s)
  -X, --remove-file=file  read ACL entries to remove from file
  -b, --remove-all        remove all extended ACL entries
  -k, --remove-default    remove the default ACL
      --set=acl           set the ACL of file(s), replacing the current ACL
      --set-file=file     read ACL entries to set from file
      --mask              do recalculate the effective rights mask
  -n, --no-mask           don't recalculate the effective rights mask
  -d, --default           operations apply to the default ACL
  -R, --recursive         recurse into subdirectories
  -L, --logical           logical walk, follow symbolic links
  -P, --physical          physical walk, do not follow symbolic links
      --restore=file      restore ACLs (inverse of `getfacl -R')
      --test              test mode (ACLs are not modified)
  -v, --version           print version and exit
  -h, --help              this help text

Пример:

setfacl -R -b -m g:Group_F:rwx,g:Group_R:rx,default:g:Group_F:rwx,default:g:Group_R:rx,default:other:--- /srv/share01

Рекурсивно -R удаляем существующие права -b и добавляем заданные права, устанавливаем умолчания.

• Group_F полные права
• Group_R только чтение
• other = нет доступа

GETFACL(1)                                         Access Control Lists                                         GETFACL(1)

NAME
       getfacl - get file access control lists

SYNOPSIS
       getfacl [-aceEsRLPtpndvh] file ...

       getfacl [-aceEsRLPtpndvh] -

DESCRIPTION
       For  each file, getfacl displays the file name, owner, the group, and the Access Control List (ACL). If a directory
       has a default ACL, getfacl also displays the default ACL. Non-directories cannot have default ACLs.

       If getfacl is used on a file system that does not support ACLs, getfacl displays the access permissions defined  by
       the traditional file mode permission bits.

       The output format of getfacl is as follows:
               1:  # file: somedir/
               2:  # owner: lisa
               3:  # group: staff
               4:  # flags: -s-
               5:  user::rwx
               6:  user:joe:rwx               #effective:r-x
               7:  group::rwx                 #effective:r-x
               8:  group:cool:r-x
               9:  mask::r-x
              10:  other::r-x
              11:  default:user::rwx
              12:  default:user:joe:rwx       #effective:r-x
              13:  default:group::r-x
              14:  default:mask::r-x
              15:  default:other::---

       Lines 1--3 indicate the file name, owner, and owning group.

       Line 4 indicates the setuid (s), setgid (s), and sticky (t) bits: either the letter representing the bit, or else a
       dash (-). This line is included if any of those bits is set and left out otherwise, so it will  not  be  shown  for
       most files. (See CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17 below.)

       Lines  5, 7 and 10 correspond to the user, group and other fields of the file mode permission bits. These three are
       called the base ACL entries. Lines 6 and 8 are named user and named group entries. Line 9 is the  effective  rights
       mask.  This  entry limits the effective rights granted to all groups and to named users. (The file owner and others
       permissions are not affected by the effective rights mask; all  other  entries  are.)   Lines  11--15  display  the
       default  ACL associated with this directory. Directories may have a default ACL. Regular files never have a default
       ACL.

       The default behavior for getfacl is to display both the ACL and the default ACL, and to include an effective rights
       comment for lines where the rights of the entry differ from the effective rights.

       If output is to a terminal, the effective rights comment is aligned to column 40. Otherwise, a single tab character
       separates the ACL entry and the effective rights comment.

       The ACL listings of multiple files are separated by blank lines.  The output of getfacl can also be used  as  input
       to setfacl.

   PERMISSIONS
       Process  with  search access to a file (i.e., processes with read access to the containing directory of a file) are
       also granted read access to the file's ACLs.  This is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the  file
       mode.

OPTIONS
       -a, --access
           Display the file access control list.

       -d, --default
           Display the default access control list.

       -c, --omit-header
           Do not display the comment header (the first three lines of each file's output).

       -e, --all-effective
           Print all effective rights comments, even if identical to the rights defined by the ACL entry.

       -E, --no-effective
           Do not print effective rights comments.

       -s, --skip-base
           Skip files that only have the base ACL entries (owner, group, others).

       -R, --recursive
           List the ACLs of all files and directories recursively.

       -L, --logical
           Logical  walk, follow symbolic links to directories. The default behavior is to follow symbolic link arguments,
           and skip symbolic links encountered in subdirectories.  Only effective in combination with -R.

       -P, --physical
           Physical walk, do not follow symbolic links to directories. This also  skips  symbolic  link  arguments.   Only
           effective in combination with -R.

       -t, --tabular
           Use  an  alternative tabular output format. The ACL and the default ACL are displayed side by side. Permissions
           that are ineffective due to the ACL mask  entry  are  displayed  capitalized.  The  entry  tag  names  for  the
           ACL_USER_OBJ  and  ACL_GROUP_OBJ  entries  are also displayed in capital letters, which helps in spotting those
           entries.

       -p, --absolute-names
           Do not strip leading slash characters (`/'). The default behavior is to strip leading slash characters.

       -n, --numeric
           List numeric user and group IDs

       -v, --version
           Print the version of getfacl and exit.

       -h, --help
           Print help explaining the command line options.

       --  End of command line options. All remaining parameters are interpreted as file names, even if they start with  a
           dash character.

       -   If the file name parameter is a single dash character, getfacl reads a list of files from standard input.

CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17
       If  the  environment  variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, the default behavior of getfacl changes in the following
       ways: Unless otherwise specified, only the ACL is printed. The default ACL is only printed  if  the  -d  option  is
       given. If no command line parameter is given, getfacl behaves as if it was invoked as ``getfacl -''.  No flags com‐
       ments indicating the setuid, setgit, and sticky bits are generated.

AUTHOR
       Andreas Gruenbacher, <a.gruenbacher@bestbits.at>.

       Please send your bug reports and comments to the above address.

SEE ALSO
       setfacl(1), acl(5)

May 2000                                            ACL File Utilities                                          GETFACL(1)

Настройка прав доступа ACL

Access Control List - списки контроля доступа

File Permissions ACLs

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