Это старая версия документа!
Управление списками доступа POSIX ACL (Access Control Lists).
http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/acl/
Использование в Samba
Графический интерфейс: Eiciel
apt-get install acl
Для того, чтобы проверить поддерживаются ли списки доступа (ACL) нужно выполнить команду:
tune2fs -l /dev/sdaX |grep acl
/dev/sdaX
имя устройства.
Если ACL поддерживаются то в выводе команды будет примерно это:
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Установка прав доступа
SETFACL(1) Access Control Lists SETFACL(1) NAME setfacl - set file access control lists SYNOPSIS setfacl [-bkndRLPvh] [{-m|-x} acl_spec] [{-M|-X} acl_file] file ... setfacl --restore=file DESCRIPTION This utility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. On the command line, a sequence of com‐ mands is followed by a sequence of files (which in turn can be followed by another sequence of commands, ...). The options -m, and -x expect an ACL on the command line. Multiple ACL entries are separated by comma characters (`,'). The options -M, and -X read an ACL from a file or from standard input. The ACL entry format is described in Section ACL ENTRIES. The --set and --set-file options set the ACL of a file or a directory. The previous ACL is replaced. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions. The -m (--modify) and -M (--modify-file) options modify the ACL of a file or directory. ACL entries for this oper‐ ation must include permissions. The -x (--remove) and -X (--remove-file) options remove ACL entries. It is not an error to remove an entry which does not exist. Only ACL entries without the perms field are accepted as parameters, unless POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined. When reading from files using the -M, and -X options, setfacl accepts the output getfacl produces. There is at most one ACL entry per line. After a Pound sign (`#'), everything up to the end of the line is treated as a com‐ ment. If setfacl is used on a file system which does not support ACLs, setfacl operates on the file mode permission bits. If the ACL does not fit completely in the permission bits, setfacl modifies the file mode permission bits to reflect the ACL as closely as possible, writes an error message to standard error, and returns with an exit status greater than 0. PERMISSIONS The file owner and processes capable of CAP_FOWNER are granted the right to modify ACLs of a file. This is analo‐ gous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode. (On current Linux systems, root is the only user with the CAP_FOWNER capability.) OPTIONS -b, --remove-all Remove all extended ACL entries. The base ACL entries of the owner, group and others are retained. -k, --remove-default Remove the Default ACL. If no Default ACL exists, no warnings are issued. -n, --no-mask Do not recalculate the effective rights mask. The default behavior of setfacl is to recalculate the ACL mask entry, unless a mask entry was explicitly given. The mask entry is set to the union of all permissions of the owning group, and all named user and group entries. (These are exactly the entries affected by the mask entry). --mask Do recalculate the effective rights mask, even if an ACL mask entry was explicitly given. (See the -n option.) -d, --default All operations apply to the Default ACL. Regular ACL entries in the input set are promoted to Default ACL entries. Default ACL entries in the input set are discarded. (A warning is issued if that happens). --restore=file Restore a permission backup created by `getfacl -R' or similar. All permissions of a complete directory subtree are restored using this mechanism. If the input contains owner comments or group comments, setfacl attempts to restore the owner and owning group. If the input contains flags comments (which define the setuid, setgid, and sticky bits), setfacl sets those three bits accordingly; otherwise, it clears them. This option cannot be mixed with other options except `--test'. --test Test mode. Instead of changing the ACLs of any files, the resulting ACLs are listed. -R, --recursive Apply operations to all files and directories recursively. This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'. -L, --logical Logical walk, follow symbolic links to directories. The default behavior is to follow symbolic link arguments, and skip symbolic links encountered in subdirectories. Only effective in combination with -R. This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'. -P, --physical Physical walk, do not follow symbolic links to directories. This also skips symbolic link arguments. Only effective in combination with -R. This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'. -v, --version Print the version of setfacl and exit. -h, --help Print help explaining the command line options. -- End of command line options. All remaining parameters are interpreted as file names, even if they start with a dash. - If the file name parameter is a single dash, setfacl reads a list of files from standard input. ACL ENTRIES The setfacl utility recognizes the following ACL entry formats (blanks inserted for clarity): [d[efault]:] [u[ser]:]uid [:perms] Permissions of a named user. Permissions of the file owner if uid is empty. [d[efault]:] g[roup]:gid [:perms] Permissions of a named group. Permissions of the owning group if gid is empty. [d[efault]:] m[ask][:] [:perms] Effective rights mask [d[efault]:] o[ther][:] [:perms] Permissions of others. Whitespace between delimiter characters and non-delimiter characters is ignored. Proper ACL entries including permissions are used in modify and set operations. (options -m, -M, --set and --set- file). Entries without the perms field are used for deletion of entries (options -x and -X). For uid and gid you can specify either a name or a number. The perms field is a combination of characters that indicate the permissions: read (r), write (w), execute (x), execute only if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user (X). Alternatively, the perms field can be an octal digit (0-7). AUTOMATICALLY CREATED ENTRIES Initially, files and directories contain only the three base ACL entries for the owner, the group, and others. There are some rules that need to be satisfied in order for an ACL to be valid: * The three base entries cannot be removed. There must be exactly one entry of each of these base entry types. * Whenever an ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain an effective rights mask. * Whenever an ACL contains any Default ACL entries, the three Default ACL base entries (default owner, default group, and default others) must also exist. * Whenever a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain a default effective rights mask. To help the user ensure these rules, setfacl creates entries from existing entries under the following conditions: * If an ACL contains named user or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the group entry is created. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to include the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description). * If a Default ACL entry is created, and the Default ACL contains no owner, owning group, or others entry, a copy of the ACL owner, owning group, or others entry is added to the Default ACL. * If a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the default Default ACL's group entry is added. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to inclu de the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description). EXAMPLES Granting an additional user read access setfacl -m u:lisa:r file Revoking write access from all groups and all named users (using the effective rights mask) setfacl -m m::rx file Removing a named group entry from a file's ACL setfacl -x g:staff file Copying the ACL of one file to another getfacl file1 | setfacl --set-file=- file2 Copying the access ACL into the Default ACL getfacl --access dir | setfacl -d -M- dir CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17 If the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, the default behavior of setfacl changes as follows: All non-standard options are disabled. The ``default:'' prefix is disabled. The -x and -X options also accept permis‐ sion fields (and ignore them). AUTHOR Andreas Gruenbacher, <a.gruenbacher@bestbits.at>. Please send your bug reports, suggested features and comments to the above address. SEE ALSO getfacl(1), chmod(1), umask(1), acl(5) May 2000 ACL File Utilities SETFACL(1)
Пример:
setfacl -R -b -m g:Group_F:rwx,g:Group_R:rx,default:g:Group_F:rwx,default:g:Group_R:rx,default:other:--- /srv/share01
Рекурсивно -R
удаляем существующие права -b
и добавляем заданные права, устанавливаем умолчания.
Group_F
полные праваGroup_R
только чтениеother
= нет доступа
GETFACL(1) Access Control Lists GETFACL(1) NAME getfacl - get file access control lists SYNOPSIS getfacl [-aceEsRLPtpndvh] file ... getfacl [-aceEsRLPtpndvh] - DESCRIPTION For each file, getfacl displays the file name, owner, the group, and the Access Control List (ACL). If a directory has a default ACL, getfacl also displays the default ACL. Non-directories cannot have default ACLs. If getfacl is used on a file system that does not support ACLs, getfacl displays the access permissions defined by the traditional file mode permission bits. The output format of getfacl is as follows: 1: # file: somedir/ 2: # owner: lisa 3: # group: staff 4: # flags: -s- 5: user::rwx 6: user:joe:rwx #effective:r-x 7: group::rwx #effective:r-x 8: group:cool:r-x 9: mask::r-x 10: other::r-x 11: default:user::rwx 12: default:user:joe:rwx #effective:r-x 13: default:group::r-x 14: default:mask::r-x 15: default:other::--- Lines 1--3 indicate the file name, owner, and owning group. Line 4 indicates the setuid (s), setgid (s), and sticky (t) bits: either the letter representing the bit, or else a dash (-). This line is included if any of those bits is set and left out otherwise, so it will not be shown for most files. (See CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17 below.) Lines 5, 7 and 10 correspond to the user, group and other fields of the file mode permission bits. These three are called the base ACL entries. Lines 6 and 8 are named user and named group entries. Line 9 is the effective rights mask. This entry limits the effective rights granted to all groups and to named users. (The file owner and others permissions are not affected by the effective rights mask; all other entries are.) Lines 11--15 display the default ACL associated with this directory. Directories may have a default ACL. Regular files never have a default ACL. The default behavior for getfacl is to display both the ACL and the default ACL, and to include an effective rights comment for lines where the rights of the entry differ from the effective rights. If output is to a terminal, the effective rights comment is aligned to column 40. Otherwise, a single tab character separates the ACL entry and the effective rights comment. The ACL listings of multiple files are separated by blank lines. The output of getfacl can also be used as input to setfacl. PERMISSIONS Process with search access to a file (i.e., processes with read access to the containing directory of a file) are also granted read access to the file's ACLs. This is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode. OPTIONS -a, --access Display the file access control list. -d, --default Display the default access control list. -c, --omit-header Do not display the comment header (the first three lines of each file's output). -e, --all-effective Print all effective rights comments, even if identical to the rights defined by the ACL entry. -E, --no-effective Do not print effective rights comments. -s, --skip-base Skip files that only have the base ACL entries (owner, group, others). -R, --recursive List the ACLs of all files and directories recursively. -L, --logical Logical walk, follow symbolic links to directories. The default behavior is to follow symbolic link arguments, and skip symbolic links encountered in subdirectories. Only effective in combination with -R. -P, --physical Physical walk, do not follow symbolic links to directories. This also skips symbolic link arguments. Only effective in combination with -R. -t, --tabular Use an alternative tabular output format. The ACL and the default ACL are displayed side by side. Permissions that are ineffective due to the ACL mask entry are displayed capitalized. The entry tag names for the ACL_USER_OBJ and ACL_GROUP_OBJ entries are also displayed in capital letters, which helps in spotting those entries. -p, --absolute-names Do not strip leading slash characters (`/'). The default behavior is to strip leading slash characters. -n, --numeric List numeric user and group IDs -v, --version Print the version of getfacl and exit. -h, --help Print help explaining the command line options. -- End of command line options. All remaining parameters are interpreted as file names, even if they start with a dash character. - If the file name parameter is a single dash character, getfacl reads a list of files from standard input. CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17 If the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, the default behavior of getfacl changes in the following ways: Unless otherwise specified, only the ACL is printed. The default ACL is only printed if the -d option is given. If no command line parameter is given, getfacl behaves as if it was invoked as ``getfacl -''. No flags com‐ ments indicating the setuid, setgit, and sticky bits are generated. AUTHOR Andreas Gruenbacher, <a.gruenbacher@bestbits.at>. Please send your bug reports and comments to the above address. SEE ALSO setfacl(1), acl(5) May 2000 ACL File Utilities GETFACL(1)